ALEMANIA-Berlín: Acerca de la subseción histórica colonial y neocolonial y el drama actual de nuestras comunidades indígenas. Some historical and philosophical reflections.
Part II (1) By José Pablo Quevedo, ambassador of poets of the World in Germany.
While historical time must be understood in different clothes, in your skin consistent but also changing: one is natural, community, solidarity and in harmony with nature and freedom, and the other, wealth and poverty, exploitation and spiritual alienation.
In the changing skin of historical time we find the well-being, equity, and harmony as are the springs of glory, but also the tragedy, an orphan, and decay as are the springs strangled many peoples and nations of America. In the second part of the historical subseción time. [From the author: Lectures on the Philosophy-The different repeat].
Integral part of medieval European colonialism, as a first line of ideological interference in altering the material and mental life of our people is the original fable or invention of reality with the stories or fairy tales that were displayed by the so-called discoverers, and also called the spiritual subsionalidad discovery.
This ideological line penetration occurs with antagonistic colonial geopolitics and the arrival of the ships Columbus to our continent, and this is shown with the first installation of the first cross and taking possession of the island Guarahani [San Salvador ] to the crown of Spain.This spirit reflects the beginning of thought and colonial ideology of ownership and belonging and of not respecting the communal ownership of our men from, and then will make our hemisphere dominant. These forms of initial possession of the islands, although not reflected in a systematic but elemental thinking, we see the notes contained in the diary of Columbus himself.
These letters show us the line of medieval thought - singular of Spanish-, associated with the discovery, conquest, which was described as an economic enterprise, political and military power by the Spanish, the kings and the Catholic Church. This form of determinacy also reflects the mental behavior, come with the ideology of scholasticism, and the way you see your own world but also the outside world in order for your domain.
The Columbus newspaper, shows the practice of medieval thought at that time, and is reflected from the beginning of the "Encounter of Two Worlds " with the first Aborigines. The short description is done in the journal of each day, this communication from our side, and establishing in and for itself Admiral confabulatory thinking about an unknown territory and its rulers, but also on gold and species and the goods are found not as he wished. It also shows the real intentions for Aboriginal people and their territories and for the future benefit of the Europeans, and it reveals the possibilities of the Spanish crown to extend its domain as far as the discoverers come with their ships.
All this thought is recorded in a few paragraphs of the newspaper and on the ideas and the practicality that makes the rider from the first day of his arrival on the island of Guanahani.
Everything written and practiced at an early stage does more than reflect and find the thought of mastering a feudal system of medieval Spain and the beginning of the germs of thought into our designs as colonial continent. With this document, the diary of Columbus, attempted to demonstrate how the Admiral is the first storyteller and with this fact of conquest marks the beginning of the first phases of this subseción spiritual mutative line still continues in the ideological and party Literature transcends invention and still so idealistic even in our times.
The origins of the invention of the reality of the "New World ", or images created by the European sailors and made people believe that they were realities.
The invention of the first reality during the first trip.
Christopher Columbus in his travel diary * [The author uses the * Journal of Columbus, Christopf Culumbus, Schiffstagebuch, Belletristik, DDR, German version], from leaving their ships in the Canary Islands, where he anchored to repair a them, start counting the miles of ocean travel, but only one third to truly reached by the ships each day. According to him, for fear that the crew know the true distance away, and it does not encourage fear of his men. Until the arrival on the island of Guanahani [San Salvador], the real journey of the ships was another crew told him the admiral. [1]
The empirical way of looking at things is to see the reality.
Colon Guanahani island, facing the reality that his senses, ie what your eyes are really, in its empirical form, dictates to his chronicler, that the bodies of the natives are well made, most are young, are high, they are naked as their mothers bore them, they quickly learn what they are told ... Pages later he continues: They have weapons, they live without laws, they are sincere, do not know the lie, are peaceful people ...
The real intention of taking a position on a land.
The mental ideological world that it had acquired Columbus, also makes him say: I take possession of these lands for the King of Spain, is necessary to lift the Indians to the understanding of our language and Christianize them, to name any place of the Christian way, to all islands, all lands discovered, all rivers, all forests, all forests.
The empirical way to see things differently are mixed in with the intentions of conquest.
The senses of perception tell the Admiral to see another reality, and Admiral compare what you see in this world, and gives free rein to what your senses enjoy the flora and fauna and water, he describes the wonderful places never saw human eyes, beautiful singing of birds, murmuring waters, unique vegetation, exquisite fruit, clear blue as heaven, paradise, Indians greet us as gods who have come from the sky.
The intentions are revealed as the true form of economic enterprise and ideological Christianity
Columbus also expressed ideologically: These lands should be reclaimed for the crown, this must come to Christian clerics to the Indians, they are not heretics, these places should build new ports, there is land for trade, wood and areas for livestock, etc..
The invention of facts about gold, which the Admiral never found on islands
And the fever of Columbus against gold grows, and grows each day, the description lines on that coveted metal. His diary is crossed by that obsession, until November 6 reaches Admiral fable "... The Indians have great wealth, and all those peoples Spain could win because of these lands are vast amounts of gold and rightly say the Indians, who came to the islands, and the earth goes gold galore, and they carried in the nose, arms and legs, and are thick rings, there are also precious stones and pearls many species ... "
The reasons for inventions of this reality are the reasons for the gold.
The rivers of gold "was" the admiral in droves, and ordered to write in his diary, never saw them on San Salvador Island or other islands, as gold fever was only describing the idea by linking it to I wanted to discover a reality and that I wanted from island to island, obsessively. But why write Columbus sent that to your reporter? What are the reasons, which incidentally also assume, for the Admiral fabricate these ideas, given in his diary?
Is that the empirical, what your eye sees and what is found in the reality of these territories can be counted, can be described, but not truly say to the kings or clerics. Columbus does not say then what your eyes when the question is linked to the power of kings or the church to which he must account for the company that has been allocated. These characters never understand what is written out of their dogmatic ways of thinking, but you want something that contributes to the domain of power.
Columbus have to invent, beyond the empirical reality, creating the fantasy, sow memorandum of Greek mythology that is closer to Spain and the dominant world and nourish what is credible for all age groups and for its time, in a world of ambition, adventure, intrigue and misfortune.
Gold, which "no " and only seeing the admiral in huge quantities, are perception and projection of the observer who sees the beautiful metal as an idea, but who talks about his pour-perhaps inspired by the fable of Golden Fleece, "to reach the objectives of the triumph of their ships and pleasure at the designs of the crown and the Catholic Church.
The economic factor-conquest discovery
The economic factor of the discovery, conquest [economic in terms of gold and the famous species] is the determinant of the company's discovery, but it is the basis of altered spiritual factor, the beginning of a spiritual colony subseción continental and initiates the process of alienation of the forms of material and spiritual life. She starts the actual process of Eurocentric subordination of rank from the first instance to our native peoples of our continent, through concepts or judgments directed from the centers of feudal and fundamentalist Catholicism from the sources of medieval dogmatism. The social and natural state of the aborigines will be deducted through the gold and fetish goods parasitasismo colonial and colonial as a form of thought and gives a rigorous punishment and death.
The falsification of history by the victors from the beginning of time in our continent subseción
In his diary on November 23, 1492, Admiral, when directed with their ships to the island hut with some leading Indian, writes that what the Indians say that the island is very big, and living there people who only have one eye in the middle of the forehead [Cyclops polyphosphoric or Greek?], and others who are cannibals [?].... The Admiral believes that some of it is true, "... so that they carry arms [who live in Huts Island], men of understanding should be, the Admiral believed that they have made some prisoners, and how they would not return their countries, one has said, they have been eaten. So have the Indians, at first, when Christians [Columbus and his men], the first seen and have believed that the same thing to them ... "Admiral makes collages with ideas taken from the Greek fables and sends them to write in a fabulous logic is simply a falsification of history. Admiral mix their stories, and they become repetitive chain, a mixture between what is believed to say the natives, and invents what he plays and Columbus, obviously. For Aboriginal people, who come in large ships should look like Homer's Ulysses.
Columbus invents, unleash the ingenuity, fake, and actually transgresses, and the "true gold" encourages them in the mountains and caves and rivers of gold leads with his mind, and with it also deceives and is disposed , and alienates others to justify also the enterprise of conquest, and to justify their positions, and certainly the new missions that will instruct you on the "New World. ".
Managing an ambivalent language
Columbus language reveals its ambivalent in his diary, on the one hand, there is the reality he perceives and describes, in his early days in a good way-and that is from the field from the empirical perception of reality also shows us ideological essence what they want to make to their future. The second is in relation to the language of the power of kings and the Church.
The drama is what will happen, then the fate of the men from this continent.
A good that was, once, when Admiral forgot empirical reality, and what their eyes saw, and became a storyteller or acknowledged his job as storyteller, and enters the year and the logic of what really is your business and what they will say to the crown, that is, has to solve the problem based on the questions of power and the questions that youwill make the scholastics from its dogmas , which they are sacred and infallible , but full of half truths. The language of the crown and the church fathers is ambivalent about its tenets and principles.
The spirit of discovery, conquest
The spirit of discovery, conquest was none other than the invention of reality in their various ways to develop the economy of the are precious metals and expropriation of the work of others, and this is also the source of the invention of the reality and fable. The mentality of adventurers and soldiers without hacienda was fabulous and storytellers, and those who wanted to wealth only at the cost of theft and the work of others.
First discoverers had the advantage of being the starter, but those who came later-colonialism and institutionalized, his mentality led to the largest increase possible fantasies, so many of their tracks as moles have them even today in the minds of the ruling classes.
The invention of reality made by other sailors and "discoverers".
In the book of maps unknown [The author used the literature Unbekanntes Landkarte der Welten, the German edition ECO], we recorded, for example, the various maps of the world and America. On a map of year 1234 is assigned, for example, to Jerusalem as the center of the Earth. That was the holy city in which Jews lived, Muslims and Christians, and considered in its relationship with the power of God.
In the year 1550, a map of South America, handmade, there are some places that are marked by the passage of adventurers, explorers, and soldiers returning to their home countries, to Europe. They spoke of his exploits with people from the "Old World" on some parts of South America.
The stories were told in the thinking and the sense of imagining great things about strange and unknown worlds, which had been established in Europe through the centuries. Ie sequences and wonderful achievements in life. They told that in places where deer had lived long hair, and the mountains were full of gold and silver, and some tribes are so rich that their own heads are covered with gold. They also said that white kings govern the mountains, but elsewhere there are bloodthirsty cannibals, and women warriors called Amazons. Those who enter these areas may be killed cruelly.
These fables have also been told by adventurers such as Francisco de Orellana in the chronicles of his expedition in search of "Golden. " He thought he saw in the manatee or sea cow, the sirens of the rivers that also sang, but they were too ugly to be women. We also deal with our aborigines, when they spoke and did not understand the conquistadors, the Spanish said they did not know the name designate places or things, and therefore gave them names to things or played. And this arbitrariness, it comes from Columbus who "baptized" every island, every sea, every river, as he imposed his religion or at least according to the names he had learned in Spain.
As the originator or introducer of magic realism and fantasy in literature or history of our continent, we dare to state precisely the Admiral Columbus, as he is the first to introduce this way of thinking in writing in his journal. [Read the diary of Christopher Columbus]
In Columbus you must also be the first storyteller annealing or the inventor of a reality in our hemisphere, either in one part is taken from the Greek imagination, and the other described or narrated from the reality on the basis of the inventions made since the first islands that was in our continent.
Your journal is the reproduction of a part of European fantasy, but also the exaggerated fantasy collages that made his thought as an explanation of the original reality of our continent.
The demystification of this reality, then, has been partly due to the work of Alexander von Humboldt.
Alienated consciousness of discovery and invention of reality
We clarify that the form of alienated consciousness of the sailors, is not pure. In it there are many elements, we see from the diary of Columbus: The empirical, ie what is and is told regardless of ideology, and second, the alienated consciousness, and brought from Europe to the ideological model, the logic the scholastic or religious beliefs or unhappy, in the language of the German philosopher Hegel [2]. And third, especially in the world of superstitions and fables and legends of the ancient Greco-Roman, which in large parts were taken over by the medieval world.
This identity reflects the thinking of the time as a method to capture the reality and reflect on it and apply its methods of control over the "New World. " The inventions of "realities" also for the "Old World" were removed or reproduced from the fantasy of the "New World ", and invaded by adventurous than later, to have fortune, became dukes, marquees or men. They also later in their new roles assigned, added - to the fantasy of Columbus, which the "sirens" went crazy singing and what their sailors.
This way, it was the first road to arrive later to literature and relate it to our continent, and what most fascinated the people of that time in Europe as well as he did with his character Homer Ulysses, who had left tie left his ship and close their ears with wax, so you can hear the songs of the daughters of Neptune, and in the Spanish version of the Orinoco were manatees. Of these legends that overflowed into fantasy and even cannibalism, used all the soldiers and adventurers, and even socially classless people, and thus opened the way into the literature of the marvelous.
This fable has continued also in Latin American literature, not only in the minds of the children of the trustees and aristocratic classes. Confabulation is also still in disguise, but appeals to language and modern fantasy, it reflects the struggles of the interests of the ruling classes, because for them, when the reality does not represent their schemes, it must be conditioned on their willingness and their own desires. And thus we reach the limits of fantasy and fable, and transported to mind the old conservative regressive schemes to distort reality.
The Fabulatión and the figures who created the adventurous
The speech storyteller of the adventurous sailors to the search of unknown lands, is also reproduced as did the Greek Argonauts, who recreated many fables and myths and legends. They uprooted from daily life, family relationships and material production of life in their villages of origin, had in their adventure travel to recreate their deeds in other unknown lands and created his own fantasy characters from various legends, myths and fables with which they held meetings with other lands and characters. These characters in most cases were presented as extreme as abnormal beings as monsters or as being very beautiful, in other cases, these beings had much wealth and supernatural powers.
The issue was always simple, and tells the heroic sailors fabulous with its rivals. They are a superhero, and they overcome these fabled beings in each contest and will snatch the gold and the riches they possess. Owning gold was a symbol of power for adventurers and soldiers and sailors. No wonder, then, the company's Columbus and his sailors underclass. It gives a mixture of Greek fables with mythical characters.
The fantasy of Columbus to the position of the "new lands ", hence it is disposed and used as a spiritual strategy for the objectives of the Crown of Spain and the world helocentrista.
In my opinion, the fable and then called cuentismo pure "are similar and are in line with the ideological goals, and that arises from the ambivalent thinking of the conquerors, and that form part of this consciousness is irrational mental line continues a previous European historical development as part of medieval life. Is determined later, on our continent, under the feudal and semi-slave relations of production and the fundamentalist mindset. The world behind these men, is a spiritual remnant, where mythological instances reflect all the past history of the Greek legends and religious myths later biblical Hebrew. And that world and its values have been affirmed and modified in various forms in our continent.
The term to the story, or cuentismo, is a thought-form that is established with the conquest itself and the soldiers in the division of the spoils of their adventures and deceit. And we can already see in several examples, such as changing the mirrors with gold, also in the Isla del Gallo, in Panama, when Pizarro draws a line in the sand and says that there is going to Peru be rich, and for the other side, it means a return to Panama to be poor. It is also seen with the ransom of Atahualpa, to the promises of respecting life in exchange for gold and silver.
The term of the underlying cuentismo until today in everyday life issues, but also on policy decisions and election promises that make permanent the conservative political parties, because those promises are moving further into the dishonesty and administrative corruption As a form of mental heritage storyteller from the "discovery. "
Colonial action is also devastating, and against nature.
Thought and language and action of the discoverers, conquerors, and modern viceroys without crown, but will in favor of neoliberal policies, are unnatural.
For them, the relationship to nature, is not critical because they say the laws do not respect the state administration itself. Government corruption is a cancer that allows the indiscriminate felling of hardwoods for export to international markets. Also the extraction of gold and oil, is justified under the law of laws against men from themselves, who should not participate in agreements with companies in their own territories.
Also, the admiral wrote, that they can reach the age of understanding and reason and must be educated on the principles of the Catholic Church. Later, the princes of the Catholic Church, said that "Indians do not come to reason, and therefore must be killed"
Therefore, in contradiction to it saying goes, "No pope worth the value of a Christ."
The Confabulation and cuentismo are twins: A current example.
The fable of the discovery was linked to the pursuit of the precious metals, because the economic-political nature inspired the power and wealth to be above all things. And this is also reflected today on what happens with the policy of liberal governments in Latin America against metal mines are precious open in some provinces - as the case of Cajamarca in Peru, "and that attracts fabrications of liberal reasoning of Peruvian President Alan Garcia and his speech to improve the Peruvian economy and make this region a prosperous place and working, regardless of whether the economy irrational resource predation, bloom time, but is not lasting as well that economy of extraction of the metals also pollutes rivers and valleys, with consequent damage to agriculture and the impact on the health and lives of the peasants, most famously, the mercury spill in the area Choropampa. A vicious act, that to get some gold veins, laws are passed to appropriate the lands of the peasants, removed millions of tons of earth from the hills, and become construction zones in agricultural areas.
The extractive economy is fatal to our native men and farmers, as only going to benefit foreign firms, or passed into the hands of the capitalists and the political bureaucracy. A portion of these gains, the state reversed, then, to clear contaminated areas left by the national and foreign companies.
Old and modern ideological patterns in the management of conservative politics
The "discoverers" show from the beginning an ambivalent language and fanciful and that today in day, still manifests itself in various forms of dualistic thought and language that is driven by many Latin Americans in a conscious and unconscious.
These schemes, which contain old theories are metamorfosean according to a new modern formula, conditioned to the tastes or interests of the market and international politics, losing it, often, a sense of what is happening in our own realities, against man and nature.
Servility, corruption and false promises, are integral parts of the various philosophies of the oppressor classes and use many of the leaders as a means of oppression and exploitation of our peoples. The slavish promotion of awareness has led us to be subservient to lawyers, such as the judiciary in relation to civil-military state of the Fujimori government, a fact which is recorded not long ago in Peruvian history. They tolerated all that is false that created the government of Fujimori, and allowed a sinister dictatorship and the exercise of dictatorial laws against opponents and other ways of thinking. And the threat was passed to eliminate the opposition thinking, and death came from the arms of the soldiers and generals traitors, who stained with blood the rebellion of honest people but rebellious.
Threats and fear induced by favorable decrees sentenced to many critical minds, making the State of Peru in a nightmare and a prison, as we have seen in so-called "vladivideos" the claim Al-Capone Montesinos. This homunculus drew a rule of unworthiness and corruption, which determined the whole servile mind and all "lobbyist" and opportunistic.
The inventor of reality
Mario Vargas Llosa, and not part of the story of his novels, but with their journalistic accounts, almost a week for the newspaper El Pais, Spain, dated January 27, 2009, with his populist optimism did predict '. .. who the next president of the United States, that will not end like Vietnam, with U.S. stamped. And it is possible that, despite all the horrors they have experienced and still experiencing the Iraqi people, complete with a pacified country without satraps, which builds gradually, by itself and with the support of Western democratic and liberal future of co-existence, legality and freedom. ".
El sabio y viejo Sócrates, en su diálogo de Eutifróno de la santidad, descubre el carácter de las guerras, y nos dice: “En efecto, todas las guerras no proceden sino del ansia de amontonar riqueza, y nos vemos obligados a amontonarlas a causa del cuerpo para servir como esclavos a sus necesidades: He aquí por qué tenemos tiempo para pensar en la filosofía; y el mayor de nuestros males consiste que en el acto de tener tiempo y ponernos a meditar, de repente interviene el cuerpo en nuestras indagaciones, nos embaraza, nos turba y no nos deja discernir la verdad.”
The extremely conservative views of Mario Vargas Llosa, made based on the euphoria of liberal philosophy, has made another bizarre construction for the defense of that system, resulting in an investment idea of reality to the American adventure, as before beginning of the invasion of Iraq, and was disproved not only by serious writers, but also up to critical and competent analysts in Europe. The United States, with the failure of its policy of aggression and brutal, both in Iraq and Afghanistan, has announced the withdrawal of its troops as their lackeys.
José Pablo Quevedo * is a poet, writer and essayist, has 10 books of poetry and is contained in more than 30 anthologies of poetry, has also been translated into 6 languages.
[1] Note: About subseción colonial and neocolonial history and the ongoing drama of our communities. Some historical and philosophical reflections. This test is for the author's unpublished book, whose title is contained in the Philosophy of Repetition Different and other philosophical essays.
Ambassador - Germany PPDM.
Notes:
1 .- The Journal of Columbus, writes:
Sunday, 9 September
He walked 15 miles that day and agreed to have less of which he was, because if the trip would not be surprised luengo and people fainting. In the night he went a hundred and twenty miles, ten miles per hour, which is 30 miles. The sailors ruled badly, falling on the fourth of the north-west and even the average heading; on which they often quarreled Admiral.
Monday, September 10
In that day and night he sixty leagues, ten miles per hour, two leagues and a half, but did not but forty-eight leagues, because people do not be surprised if the trip was long.
Tuesday, September 11
That day they sailed to their route, which was the west, and traveled 20 miles and more, and saw a large piece of mast ship, a hundred and twenty tons, and they could not take. The night walked about twenty miles, and was no more than sixteen for the cause that.
Wednesday, September 12
One day, going his way, walked in night and day 33 leagues, counting less for such cause.
[From Wikipedia, excerpts: JOURNAL OF COLON [PART 1] THE FIRST BOOK OF NAVIGATION AND DISCOVERY OF INDIA, Preliminary Edition and Commentary by Carlos Sanz, July 2003
2 .- The philosopher Hegel calls the mythical consciousness of religion, or beliefs and legends inspired by the unhappy consciousness [Das Unglücklische Bewußsein], and the philosopher as evidenced by his philosophy on the relationships of domination and slavery [Und Herschaft Knechtschaft]. He presented it as a stage in the development of the spirit world when the spirit is alienated. That is, the real alienation generated by it belongs to the religious consciousness. That spirit generated world that the world is the profound contradiction, both in itself, which decays to a double world: the first is the world of reality itself, and the second the world on which he acts, as in the ether pure consciousness works. Marx the philosopher, talks about various forms of alienation and religion presented in the German Ideology, as a form of false consciousness.
Georg Biedermann, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Urania-Verlag, Leipzig: Jena.Berlin, DDR.
[Translation and interpretation by the author].
José Pablo Quevedo *, [Ambassador - Germany] PPDM:
Tradución al inglés de Cándida Pederson
Artículo en idioma español
ROAD TO THE SOUTH ... 1 parte (inglés)
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